Understanding diabetes, its care, and necessary lifestyle changes is crucial. Both individuals with diabetes and their families should receive diabetes education and emotional support. The role of the diabetes educator is vital, as education helps with self-care, treatment adherence, and metabolic control.
Adapting Your Diet
Diet is key to controlling diabetes and preventing complications. People with diabetes should eat regularly throughout the day, avoiding high-carbohydrate or rapidly absorbed foods that can raise blood glucose levels. The diet should be tailored to individual needs, considering physical activity, medications, and other health conditions, and developed with the healthcare team.
Maintaining Proper Hydration
People with diabetes are at higher risk of dehydration due to elevated blood glucose levels. Water should be the main source of hydration. Other beverages like no-added-sugar juices, “light” or “zero” sodas, sports drinks, or infusions can be consumed occasionally.
Engaging in Regular Exercise
Regular exercise is essential for diabetes management and helps prevent complications. It improves blood pressure, cholesterol, and cardiovascular health. Exercise type and intensity should be suited to each person’s age and fitness level.
Frequent Glucose Monitoring
Regular glucose monitoring helps manage diabetes effectively and detect complications. It is recommended to check blood glucose levels 5 to 6 times a day, including before meals and bedtime. Additional checks are advised before, during, and after prolonged exercise.
Acting Quickly During Hypoglycemia
During hypoglycemia, avoid overeating to prevent rebound hyperglycemia. Consume the recommended amount of carbohydrates to manage low blood glucose levels effectively.
Avoiding Diabetes Complications
Maintain optimal blood glucose levels before and after meals, and regularly monitor blood pressure and cholesterol to prevent complications.
Regular Eye Exams
Periodic eye exams, especially for the retina, are essential for detecting and treating diabetes-related complications.
Caring for Your Feet
Inspect your feet daily for injuries and visit a podiatrist regularly, as diabetes can affect sensitivity and circulation.
Adhering to Medication
Follow prescribed medication, along with diet and exercise, to manage diabetes effectively. Insulin is crucial for type 1 diabetes, while type 2 diabetes may require oral medications and/or insulin.